305 lines
21 KiB
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305 lines
21 KiB
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<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><title>Apache Tomcat 6.0 - Jasper 2 JSP Engine How To</title><meta name="author" value="Glenn L. Nielsen"><meta name="email" value="glenn@apache.org"><meta name="author" value="Peter Rossbach"><meta name="email" value="pero@apache.org"></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#525D76" alink="#525D76" vlink="#525D76"><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0"><!--PAGE HEADER--><tr><td><!--PROJECT LOGO--><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/"><img src="./images/tomcat.gif" align="right" alt="
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The Apache Tomcat Servlet/JSP Container
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" border="0"></a></td><td><font face="arial,helvetica,sanserif"><h1>Apache Tomcat 6.0</h1></font></td><td><!--APACHE LOGO--><a href="http://www.apache.org/"><img src="./images/asf-logo.gif" align="right" alt="Apache Logo" border="0"></a></td></tr></table><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="4"><!--HEADER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr noshade="noshade" size="1"></td></tr><tr><!--LEFT SIDE NAVIGATION--><td width="20%" valign="top" nowrap="true"><p><strong>Links</strong></p><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/faq">FAQ</a></li></ul><p><strong>User Guide</strong></p><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">6) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">7) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">8) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">9) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">10) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">11) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">12) SSL</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">13) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">14) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">15) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptor-howto.html">16) MBean Descriptor</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">17) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">18) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">19) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">20) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">21) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">22) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">23) APR</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">24) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">25) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="extras.html">26) Additional Components</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li></ul><p><strong>Reference</strong></p><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul><p><strong>Apache Tomcat Development</strong></p><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="status.html">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="funcspecs/index.html">Functional Specs.</a></li></ul></td><!--RIGHT SIDE MAIN BODY--><td width="80%" valign="top" align="left"><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="4"><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><h1>Apache Tomcat 6.0</h1><h2>Jasper 2 JSP Engine How To</h2></td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="true"><small><a href="printer/jasper-howto.html"><img src="./images/printer.gif" border="0" alt="Printer Friendly Version"><br>print-friendly<br>version
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</a></small></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Table of Contents"><strong>Table of Contents</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
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<p>
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<a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a><br>
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<a href="#Configuration">Configuration</a><br>
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<a href="#Production Configuration">Production Configuration</a><br>
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<a href="#Web Application Compilation">Web Application Compilation</a><br>
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<a href="#Using Jikes">Using Jikes</a><br>
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</p>
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</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Introduction"><strong>Introduction</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
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<p>Tomcat 6.0 uses the Jasper 2 JSP Engine to implement
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the <a href="http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/">JavaServer Pages 2.0</a>
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specification.</p>
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<p>Jasper 2 has been redesigned to significantly improve performance over
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the orignal Jasper. In addition to general code improvements the following
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changes were made:
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<ul>
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<li><strong>JSP Custom Tag Pooling</strong> - The java objects instantiated
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for JSP Custom Tags can now be pooled and reused. This significantly boosts
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the performance of JSP pages which use custom tags.</li>
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<li><strong>Background JSP compilation</strong> - If you make a change to
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a JSP page which had already been compiled Jasper 2 can recompile that
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page in the background. The previously compiled JSP page will still be
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available to serve requests. Once the new page has been compiled
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successfully it will replace the old page. This helps improve availablity
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of your JSP pages on a production server.</li>
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<li><strong>Recompile JSP when included page changes</strong> - Jasper 2
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can now detect when a page included at compile time from a JSP has changed
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and then recompile the parent JSP.</li>
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<li><strong>JDT used to compile JSP pages</strong> - The
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Eclipse JDT Java compiler is now used to perform JSP java source code
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compilation. This compiler loads source dependencies from the container
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classloader. Ant and javac can still be used.</li>
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</ul>
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</p>
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<p>Jasper is implemented using the servlet class
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<code>org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet</code>.</p>
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</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Configuration"><strong>Configuration</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
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<p>By default Jasper is configured for use when doing web application
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development. See the section <a href="#Production Configuration">
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Production Configuration</a> for information on configuring Jasper
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for use on a production Tomcat server.</p>
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<p>The servlet which implements Jasper is configured using init parameters
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in your global <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/web.xml</code>.
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<ul>
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<li><strong>checkInterval</strong> - If development is false and reloading is
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true, background compiles are enabled. checkInterval is the time in seconds
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between checks to see if a JSP page needs to be recompiled. Default
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<code>300</code> seconds.</li>
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<li><strong>compiler</strong> - Which compiler Ant should use to compile JSP
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pages. See the Ant documentation for more information. If the value is not set,
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then the default Eclipse JDT Java compiler will be used instead of using Ant.
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No default value.</li>
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<li><strong>classdebuginfo</strong> - Should the class file be compiled with
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debugging information? <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, default
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<code>true</code>.
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</li>
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<li><strong>classpath</strong> - Defines the class path to be used to compile
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the generated servlets. This parameter only has an effect if the ServletContext
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attribute org.apache.jasper.Constants.SERVLET_CLASSPATH is not set. This
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attribute is always set when Jasper is used within Tomcat. By default the
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classpath is created dynamically based on the current web application.</li>
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<li><strong>compilerSourceVM</strong> - What JDK version are the source files compatible with? (Default JDK 1.4)</li>
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<li><strong>compilerTargetVM</strong> - What JDK version are the generated files compatible with? (Default JDK 1.4)</li>
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<li><strong>development</strong> - Is Jasper used in development mode (will
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check for JSP modification on every access)? <code>true</code> or
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<code>false</code>, default <code>true</code>.</li>
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<li><strong>enablePooling</strong> - Determines whether tag handler pooling is
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enabled. <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, default <code>true</code>.
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</li>
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<li><strong>engineOptionsClass</strong> - Allows specifying the Options class
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used to configure Jasper. If not present, the default EmbeddedServletOptions
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will be used.
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</li>
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<li><strong>ieClassId</strong> - The class-id value to be sent to Internet
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Explorer when using <jsp:plugin> tags. Default
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<code>clsid:8AD9C840-044E-11D1-B3E9-00805F499D93</code>.</li>
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<li><strong>fork</strong> - Have Ant fork JSP page compiles so they are
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performed in a seperate JVM from Tomcat? <code>true</code> or
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<code>false</code>, default <code>true</code>.</li>
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<li><strong>javaEncoding</strong> - Java file encoding to use for generating
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java source files. Default <code>UTF8</code>.</li>
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<li><strong>genStringAsCharArray</strong> - Should text strings be generated as char
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arrays, to improve performance in some cases? Default <code>false</code>.</li>
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<li><strong>keepgenerated</strong> - Should we keep the generated Java source
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code for each page instead of deleting it? <code>true</code> or
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<code>false</code>, default <code>true</code>.</li>
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<li><strong>mappedfile</strong> - Should we generate static content with one
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print statement per input line, to ease debugging?
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<code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, default <code>true</code>.</li>
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<li><strong>modificationTestInterval</strong> - Checks for modification for a given
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JSP file (and all its dependent files) will be performed only once every specified amount
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of seconds. Setting this to 0 will cause the JSP to be checked on every access.
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Default is <code>4</code> seconds.</li>
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<li><strong>reloading</strong> - Should Jasper check for modified JSPs?
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<code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, default <code>false</code>.</li>
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<li><strong>scratchdir</strong> - What scratch directory should we use when
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compiling JSP pages? Default is the work directory for the current web
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application.</li>
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<li><strong>trimSpaces</strong> - Should white spaces in template text between
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actions or directives be trimmed ?, default <code>false</code>.</li>
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</ul>
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</p>
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<p>The Java compiler from Eclipse JDT in included as the default compiler. It is an
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advanced Java compiler which will load all dependencies from the Tomcat class loader,
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which will help tremendously when compiling on large installations with tens of JARs.
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On fast servers, this will allow sub-second recompilation cycles for even large JSP
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pages.</p>
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<p>Apache Ant, which was used in previous Tomcat releases, can be used instead instead of
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the new compiler by simply removing the <code>lib/jasper-jdt.jar</code> file,
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and placing the <code>ant.jar</code> file from the latest Ant distribution in the
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<code>lib</code> folder. If you do this, you also need to use the "javac"
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argument to catalina.sh.</p>
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</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Production Configuration"><strong>Production Configuration</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
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<p>The main JSP optimization which can be done is precompilation of JSPs. However,
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this might not be possible (for example, when using the jsp-property-group feature)
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or practical, in which case the configuration of the Jasper servlet becomes critical.</p>
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<p>When using Jasper 2 in a production Tomcat server you should consider
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making the following changes from the default configuration.
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<ul>
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<li><strong>development</strong> - To disable on access checks for JSP
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pages compilation set this to <code>false</code>.</li>
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<li><strong>genStringAsCharArray</strong> - To generate slightly more efficient
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char arrays, set this to <code>true</code>.</li>
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<li><strong>modificationTestInterval</strong> - If development has to be set to
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<code>true</code> for any reason (such as dynamic generation of JSPs), setting
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this to a high value will improve performance a lot.</li>
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<li><strong>trimSpaces</strong> - To remove useless bytes from the response,
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set this to <code>true</code>.</li>
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</ul>
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</p>
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</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Web Application Compilation"><strong>Web Application Compilation</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
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<p>Using Ant is the preferred way to compile web applications using JSPC.
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Use the script given below (a similar script is included in the "deployer"
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download) to precompile a webapp:
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</p>
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<p>
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<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
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<project name="Webapp Precompilation" default="all" basedir=".">
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<import file="${tomcat.home}/bin/catalina-tasks.xml"/>
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<target name="jspc">
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<jasper
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validateXml="false"
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uriroot="${webapp.path}"
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webXmlFragment="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/generated_web.xml"
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outputDir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/src" />
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</target>
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<target name="compile">
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<mkdir dir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/classes"/>
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<mkdir dir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/lib"/>
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<javac destdir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/classes"
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optimize="off"
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debug="on" failonerror="false"
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srcdir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/src"
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excludes="**/*.smap">
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<classpath>
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<pathelement location="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/classes"/>
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<fileset dir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/lib">
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<include name="*.jar"/>
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</fileset>
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<pathelement location="${tomcat.home}/lib"/>
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<fileset dir="${tomcat.home}/common/lib">
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<include name="*.jar"/>
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</fileset>
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<fileset dir="${tomcat.home}/bin">
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<include name="*.jar"/>
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</fileset>
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</classpath>
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<include name="**" />
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<exclude name="tags/**" />
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</javac>
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</target>
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<target name="all" depends="jspc,compile">
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</target>
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<target name="cleanup">
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<delete>
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<fileset dir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/src"/>
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<fileset dir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/classes/org/apache/jsp"/>
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</delete>
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</target>
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</project>
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</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
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</p>
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<p>
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The following command line can be used to run the script
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(replacing the tokens with the Tomcat base path and the path to the webapp
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which should be precompiled):<br>
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<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
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$ANT_HOME/bin/ant -Dtomcat.home=<$TOMCAT_HOME> -Dwebapp.path=<$WEBAPP_PATH>
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</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
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</p>
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<p>
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Then, the declarations and mappings for the servlets which were generated
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during the precompilation must be added to the web application deployment
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descriptor. Insert the <code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/generated_web.xml</code>
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at the right place inside the <code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/web.xml</code> file.
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Restart the web application (using the manager) and test it to verify it is
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running fine with precompiled servlets. An appropriate token placed in the
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web application deployment descriptor may also be used to automatically
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insert the generated servlet declarations and mappings using Ant filtering
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capabilities. This is actually how all the webapps distributed with Tomcat
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are automatically compiled as part of the build process.
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</p>
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<p>
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At the jasper2 task you can use the option <code>addWebXmlMappings</code> for
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automatic merge the <code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/generated_web.xml</code>
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with the current web application deployment descriptor at <code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>.
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When you want to use Java 5 feature inside your jsp's, add the following javac compiler task
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attributes: <code>source="1.5" target="1.5"</code>. For live application
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you can also compile with <code>optimize="on"</code> and without debug info
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<code>debug="off"</code>.
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</p>
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<p>
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When you don't want to stop the jsp generation at first jsp syntax error, use
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<code>failOnError="false"</code>and with <code>showSuccess="true"</code>
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all successfull <i>jsp to java</i> generation are printed out. Sometimes it is
|
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very helpfull, when you cleanup the generate java source files at <code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/src</code>
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and the compile jsp servlet classes at <code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/classes/org/apache/jsp</code>.
|
||
|
|
</p>
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||
|
|
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||
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<p><strong>Hints:</strong>
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||
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|
<ul>
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||
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<li> When you switch to another tomcat release, then regenerate and recompile
|
||
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|
your jsp's with this version again!</li>
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||
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|
<li>Use java system property at server runtime to disable tag pooling <code>org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspFactoryImpl.USE_POOL=false</code>.
|
||
|
|
and limit the buffering with <code>org.apache.jasper.runtime.BodyContentImpl.LIMIT_BUFFER=true</code>. Note that changing
|
||
|
|
from the defaults may affect performance, but depending on the application.</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Using Jikes"><strong>Using Jikes</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p>If you wish to use
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://oss.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/jikes/">
|
||
|
|
Jikes</a> to compile JSP pages:
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>From your <a href="ant.apache.org">Ant</a> installation, copy ant.jar
|
||
|
|
and (if it's available: Ant 1.5 and later) ant-launcher.jar to
|
||
|
|
<code>$CATALINA_BASE/lib</code>.</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Download and install jikes. jikes must support the -encoding option.
|
||
|
|
Execute <code>jikes -help</code> to verify that it was built with support
|
||
|
|
for <code>-encoding</code>.</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Set the init parameter <code>compiler</code> to <code>jikes</code>.</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Define the property <code>-Dbuild.compiler.emacs=true</code> when starting
|
||
|
|
Tomcat by adding it to your <code>CATALINA_OPTS</code> environment variable.
|
||
|
|
This changes how jikes outputs error messages so that it is compatible with
|
||
|
|
Jasper.</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>If you get an error reporting that jikes can't use UTF8 encoding, try
|
||
|
|
setting the init parameter <code>javaEncoding</code> to
|
||
|
|
<code>ISO-8859-1</code>.</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</blockquote></td></tr></table></td></tr><!--FOOTER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr noshade="noshade" size="1"></td></tr><!--PAGE FOOTER--><tr><td colspan="2"><div align="center"><font color="#525D76" size="-1"><em>
|
||
|
|
Copyright © 1999-2006, Apache Software Foundation
|
||
|
|
</em></font></div></td></tr></table></body></html>
|