351 lines
26 KiB
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351 lines
26 KiB
HTML
<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><title>Apache Tomcat Configuration Reference - The Manager Component</title><meta name="author" value="Craig R. McClanahan"><meta name="email" value="craigmcc@apache.org"><meta name="author" value="Yoav Shapira"><meta name="email" value="yoavs@apache.org"></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#525D76" alink="#525D76" vlink="#525D76"><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0"><!--PAGE HEADER--><tr><td><!--PROJECT LOGO--><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/"><img src="../../images/tomcat.gif" align="right" alt="
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The Apache Tomcat Servlet/JSP Container
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" border="0"></a></td><td><font face="arial,helvetica,sanserif"><h1>Apache Tomcat 6.0</h1></font></td><td><!--APACHE LOGO--><a href="http://www.apache.org/"><img src="../../images/asf-logo.gif" align="right" alt="Apache Logo" border="0"></a></td></tr></table><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="4"><!--HEADER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr noshade="noshade" size="1"></td></tr><tr><!--RIGHT SIDE MAIN BODY--><td width="80%" valign="top" align="left"><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="4"><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><h1>Apache Tomcat Configuration Reference</h1><h2>The Manager Component</h2></td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="true"><img src="../../images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Introduction"><strong>Introduction</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
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<p>The <strong>Manager</strong> element represents the <em>session
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manager</em> that will be used to create and maintain HTTP sessions
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as requested by the associated web application.</p>
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<p>A Manager element MAY be nested inside a
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<a href="context.html">Context</a> component. If it is not included,
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a default Manager configuration will be created automatically, which
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is sufficient for most requirements.</p>
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</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Attributes"><strong>Attributes</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
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<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Common Attributes"><strong>Common Attributes</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
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<p>All implementations of <strong>Manager</strong>
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support the following attributes:</p>
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<table border="1" cellpadding="5"><tr><th width="15%" bgcolor="#023264"><font color="#ffffff">Attribute</font></th><th width="85%" bgcolor="#023264"><font color="#ffffff">Description</font></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>className</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>Java class name of the implementation to use. This class must
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implement the <code>org.apache.catalina.Manager</code> interface.
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If not specified, the standard value (defined below) will be used.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>distributable</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>Set to <code>true</code> to ask the session manager to enforce
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the restrictions described in the Servlet Specification on
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distributable applications (primarily, this would mean that all
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session attributes must implement <code>java.io.Serializable</code>).
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Set to <code>false</code> (the default) to not enforce these
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restrictions.</p>
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<p><strong>NOTE</strong> - The value for this property is inherited
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automatically based on the presence or absence of the
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<code><distributable></code> element in the web application
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deployment descriptor (<code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>).</p>
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</td></tr></table>
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</blockquote></td></tr></table>
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<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Standard Implementation"><strong>Standard Implementation</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
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<p>Tomcat provides two standard implementations of <strong>Manager</strong>
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for use - the default one stores active sessions, while the optional one
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stores active sessions that have been swapped out (in addition to saving
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sessions across a restart of Tomcat) in a storage location that is selected
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via the use of an appropriate <strong>Store</strong> nested element.</p>
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<h3>Standard Manager Implementation</h3>
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<p>The standard implementation of <strong>Manager</strong> is
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<strong>org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager</strong>.
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It supports the following additional attributes (in addition to the
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common attributes listed above):</p>
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<table border="1" cellpadding="5"><tr><th width="15%" bgcolor="#023264"><font color="#ffffff">Attribute</font></th><th width="85%" bgcolor="#023264"><font color="#ffffff">Description</font></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>algorithm</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>Name of the <em>Message Digest</em> algorithm used to calculate
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session identifiers produced by this Manager. This value must
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be supported by the <code>java.security.MessageDigest</code> class.
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If not specified, the default value is "MD5".</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>entropy</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>A String value that is utilized when seeding the random number
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generator used to create session identifiers for this Manager.
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If not specified, a semi-useful value is calculated, but a long
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String value should be specified in security-conscious
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environments.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>maxActiveSessions</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>The maximum number of active sessions that will be created by
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this Manager, or -1 (the default) for no limit.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>maxInactiveInterval</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>The initial maximum time interval, in seconds,
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between client requests before a session is invalidated. A negative value
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will result in sessions never timing out. If the attribute is not provided,
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a default of 60 seconds is used.</p>
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<p>This attribute provides the initial value whenever a
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new session is created, but the interval may be dynamically
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varied by a servlet via the
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<code>setMaxInactiveInterval</code> method of the <code>HttpSession</code> object.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>pathname</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>Absolute or relative (to the work directory for this Context)
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pathname of the file in which session state will be preserved
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across application restarts, if possible. The default is
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"SESSIONS.ser". See <a href="#Restart Persistence">Restart
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Persistence</a> for more information. Restart persistence may be
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disabled by setting this attribute to an empty string.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>processExpiresFrequency</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>Frequency of the session expiration, and related manager operations.
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Manager operations will be done once for the specified amount of
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backgrondProcess calls (ie, the lower the amount, the more often the
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checks will occur). The minimum value is 1, and the default value is 6.
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</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>randomClass</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>Java class name of the <code>java.util.Random</code>
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implementation class to use. If not specified, the default value is
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<code>java.security.SecureRandom</code>.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>sessionIdLength</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>The length of session ids created by this Manager, excluding any
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JVM route information used for load balancing.
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The default is 16.</p>
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</td></tr></table>
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<h3>Persistent Manager Implementation</h3>
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<p><em><strong>WARNING - Use of this Manager implementation
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has not been thoroughly tested, and should be considered experimental!
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</strong></em></p>
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<p>The persistent implementation of <strong>Manager</strong> is
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<strong>org.apache.catalina.session.PersistentManager</strong>. In
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addition to the usual operations of creating and deleting sessions, a
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<code>PersistentManager</code> has the capability to swap active (but
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idle) sessions out to a persistent storage mechanism, as well as to save
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all sessions across a normal restart of Tomcat. The actual persistent
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storage mechanism used is selected by your choice of a
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<strong>Store</strong> element nested inside the <strong>Manager</strong>
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element - this is required for use of <code>PersistentManager</code>.</p>
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<p>This implementation of Manager supports the following attributes in
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addition to the <a href="#Common Attributes">Common Attributes</a>
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described earlier.</p>
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<table border="1" cellpadding="5"><tr><th width="15%" bgcolor="#023264"><font color="#ffffff">Attribute</font></th><th width="85%" bgcolor="#023264"><font color="#ffffff">Description</font></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>algorithm</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>Name of the <em>Message Digest</em> algorithm used to calculate
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session identifiers produced by this Manager. This value must
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be supported by the <code>java.security.MessageDigest</code> class.
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If not specified, the default value is "MD5".</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>className</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>Java class name of the implementation to use. This class must
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implement the <code>org.apache.catalina.Manager</code> interface.
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You <strong>must</strong> specify
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<code>org.apache.catalina.session.PersistentManager</code> to use
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this manager implementation.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>entropy</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>A String value that is utilized when seeding the random number
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generator used to create session identifiers for this Manager.
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If not specified, a semi-useful value is calculated, but a long
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String value should be specified in security-conscious
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environments.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>maxActiveSessions</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>The maximum number of active sessions that will be created by
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this Manager, or -1 (the default) for no limit.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>maxIdleBackup</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>The time interval (in seconds) since the last access to a session
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before it is eligible for being persisted to the session store, or
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<code>-1</code> to disable this feature. By default, this feature is
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disabled.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>maxIdleSwap</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>The time interval (in seconds) since the last access to a session
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before it should be persisted to the session store, and
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passivated out of the server's memory, or <code>-1</code> to disable
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this feature. If this feature is enabled, the time interval specified
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here should be equal to or longer than the value specified for
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<code>maxIdleBackup</code>. By default, this feature is disabled.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>minIdleSwap</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>The time interval (in seconds) since the last access to a session
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before it will be eligible to be persisted to the session store, and
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passivated out of the server's memory, or <code>-1</code> for this
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swapping to be available at any time. If specified, this value should
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be less than that specified by <code>maxIdleSwap</code>. By default,
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this value is set to <code>-1</code>.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>maxInactiveInterval</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>The initial maximum time interval, in seconds,
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between client requests before a session is invalidated. A negative value
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will result in sessions never timing out. If the attribute is not provided,
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a default of 60 seconds is used.</p>
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<p>This attribute provides the initial value whenever a
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new session is created, but the interval may be dynamically
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varied by a servlet via the
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<code>setMaxInactiveInterval</code>method of the <code>HttpSession</code> object.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>randomClass</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>Java class name of the <code>java.util.Random</code>
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implementation class to use. If not specified, the default value is
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<code>java.security.SecureRandom</code>.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>saveOnRestart</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>Should all sessions be persisted and reloaded when Tomcat is shut
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down and restarted (or when this application is reloaded)? By default,
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this attribute is set to <code>true</code>.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>sessionIdLength</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>The length of session ids created by this Manager, excluding any
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JVM route information used for load balancing.
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The default is 16.</p>
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</td></tr></table>
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<p>In order to successfully use a PersistentManager, you must nest inside
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it a <strong><Store></strong> element, as described below.</p>
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</blockquote></td></tr></table>
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</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Nested Components"><strong>Nested Components</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
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<h3>Standard Manager Implementation</h3>
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<p>If you are using the <em>Standard Manager Implementation</em>
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as described above, no elements may be nested inside your
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<strong><Manager></strong> element.</p>
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<h3>Persistent Manager Implementation</h3>
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<p>If you are using the <em>Persistent Manager Implementation</em>
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as described above, you <strong>MUST</strong> nest a
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<strong><Store></strong> element inside, which defines the
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characteristics of the persistent data storage. Two implementations
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of the <code><Store></code> element are currently available,
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with different characteristics, as described belowl</p>
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<h5>File Based Store</h5>
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<p>The <em>File Based Store</em> implementation saves swapped out
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sessions in individual files (named based on the session identifier)
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in a configurable directory. Therefore, you are likely to encounter
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scalability problems as the number of active sessions increases, and
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this should primarily be considered a means to easily experiment.</p>
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<p>To configure this, add a <code><Store></code> nested inside
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your <code><Manager></code> element with the following attributes:
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</p>
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<table border="1" cellpadding="5"><tr><th width="15%" bgcolor="#023264"><font color="#ffffff">Attribute</font></th><th width="85%" bgcolor="#023264"><font color="#ffffff">Description</font></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>checkInterval</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>The interval (in seconds) between checks for expired sessions
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among those sessions that are currently swapped out. By default,
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this interval is set to 60 seconds (one minute).</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><strong><code>className</code></strong></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>Java class name of the implementation to use. This class must
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implement the <code>org.apache.catalina.Store</code> interface. You
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<strong>must</strong> specify
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<code>org.apache.catalina.session.FileStore</code>
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to use this implementation.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>directory</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>Absolute or relative (to the temporary work directory for this web
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application) pathname of the directory into which individual session
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files are written. If not specified, the temporary work directory
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assigned by the container is utilized.</p>
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</td></tr></table>
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<h5>JDBC Based Store</h5>
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<p>The <em>JDBC Based Store</em> implementation saves swapped out
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sessions in individual rows of a preconfigured table in a database
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that is accessed via a JDBC driver. With large numbers of swapped out
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sessions, this implementation will exhibit improved performance over
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the File Based Store described above.</p>
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<p>To configure this, add a <code><Store></code> nested inside
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your <code><Manager></code> element with the following attributes:
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</p>
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<table border="1" cellpadding="5"><tr><th width="15%" bgcolor="#023264"><font color="#ffffff">Attribute</font></th><th width="85%" bgcolor="#023264"><font color="#ffffff">Description</font></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>checkInterval</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>The interval (in seconds) between checks for expired sessions
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among those sessions that are currently swapped out. By default,
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this interval is set to 60 seconds (one minute).</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><strong><code>className</code></strong></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>Java class name of the implementation to use. This class must
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implement the <code>org.apache.catalina.Store</code> interface. You
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<strong>must</strong> specify
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<code>org.apache.catalina.session.JDBCStore</code>
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to use this implementation.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><strong><code>connectionURL</code></strong></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>The connection URL that will be handed to the configured JDBC
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driver to establish a connection to the database containing our
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session table.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><strong><code>driverName</code></strong></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>Java class name of the JDBC driver to be used.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><strong><code>sessionAppCol</code></strong></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>Name of the database column, contained in the specified session
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table, that contains the Engine, Host, and Web Application Context
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name in the format <code>/Engine/Host/Context</code>.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><strong><code>sessionDataCol</code></strong></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>Name of the database column, contained in the specified
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session table, that contains the serialized form of all session
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attributes for a swapped out session. The column type must accept
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a binary object (typically called a BLOB).</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><strong><code>sessionIdCol</code></strong></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>Name of the database column, contained in the specified
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session table, that contains the session identifier of the
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swapped out session. The column type must accept character
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string data of at least as many characters as are contained
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in session identifiers created by Tomcat (typically 32).</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><strong><code>sessionLastAccessedCol</code></strong></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>Name of the database column, contained in the specified
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session table, that contains the <code>lastAccessedTime</code>
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property of this session. The column type must accept a
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Java <code>long</code> (64 bits).</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><strong><code>sessionMaxInactiveCol</code></strong></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>Name of the database column, contained in the specified
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session table, that contains the <code>maxInactiveInterval</code>
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property of this session. The column type must accept a
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Java <code>integer</code> (32 bits).</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><strong><code>sessionTable</code></strong></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>Name of the database table to be used for storing swapped out
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sessions. This table must contain (at least) the database columns
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that are configured by the other attributes of this element.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><strong><code>sessionValidCol</code></strong></td><td align="left" valign="center">
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<p>Name of the database column, contained in the specified
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session table, that contains a flag indicating whether this
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swapped out session is still valid or not. The column type
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must accept a single character.</p>
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</td></tr></table>
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<p>Before attempting to use the JDBC Based Store for the first time,
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you must create the table that will be used to store swapped out sessions.
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Detailed SQL commands vary depending on the database you are using, but
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a script like this will generally be required:</p>
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<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="../../images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="../../images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="../../images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="../../images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
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create table tomcat_sessions (
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session_id varchar(100) not null primary key,
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valid_session char(1) not null,
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max_inactive int not null,
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last_access bigint not null,
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app_name varchar(255),
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session_data mediumblob,
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KEY kapp_name(app_name)
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);
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</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="../../images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="../../images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="../../images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="../../images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
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<p>In order for the JDBC Based Store to successfully connect to your
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database, the JDBC driver you configure must be visible to Tomcat's
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internal class loader. Generally, that means you must place the JAR
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file containing this driver into the <code>$CATALINA_HOME/server/lib</code>
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directory (if your applications do not also need it) or into the
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<code>$CATALINA_HOME/common/lib</code> directory (if you wish to share
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this driver with your web applications.</p>
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</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Special Features"><strong>Special Features</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
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<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Restart Persistence"><strong>Restart Persistence</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
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<p>Whenver Catalina is shut down normally and restarted, or when an
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application reload is triggered, the standard Manager implementation
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will attempt to serialize all currently active sessions to a disk
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file located via the <code>pathname</code> attribute. All such saved
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sessions will then be deserialized and activated (assuming they have
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not expired in the mean time) when the application reload is completed.</p>
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<p>In order to successfully restore the state of session attributes,
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all such attributes MUST implement the <code>java.io.Serializable</code>
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interface. You MAY cause the Manager to enforce this restriction by
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including the <code><distributable></code> element in your web
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application deployment descriptor (<code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>).</p>
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</blockquote></td></tr></table>
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</blockquote></td></tr></table></td></tr><!--FOOTER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr noshade="noshade" size="1"></td></tr><!--PAGE FOOTER--><tr><td colspan="2"><div align="center"><font color="#525D76" size="-1"><em>
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Copyright © 1999-2006, Apache Software Foundation
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</em></font></div></td></tr></table></body></html> |