299 lines
18 KiB
HTML
299 lines
18 KiB
HTML
<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><title>Apache Tomcat 6.0 - Tomcat Web Application Deployment</title><meta name="author" value="Allistair Crossley"><meta name="email" value=""></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#525D76" alink="#525D76" vlink="#525D76"><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0"><!--PAGE HEADER--><tr><td><!--PROJECT LOGO--><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/"><img src="./../images/tomcat.gif" align="right" alt="
|
|
The Apache Tomcat Servlet/JSP Container
|
|
" border="0"></a></td><td><font face="arial,helvetica,sanserif"><h1>Apache Tomcat 6.0</h1></font></td><td><!--APACHE LOGO--><a href="http://www.apache.org/"><img src="./../images/asf-logo.gif" align="right" alt="Apache Logo" border="0"></a></td></tr></table><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="4"><!--HEADER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr noshade="noshade" size="1"></td></tr><tr><!--RIGHT SIDE MAIN BODY--><td width="80%" valign="top" align="left"><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="4"><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><h1>Apache Tomcat 6.0</h1><h2>Tomcat Web Application Deployment</h2></td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="true"><img src="./../images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Table of Contents"><strong>Table of Contents</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#A word on Contexts">A word on Contexts</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#Deployment on Tomcat startup">Deployment on Tomcat startup</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#Deploying on a running Tomcat server">Deploying on a running Tomcat server</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#Deploying using the Tomcat Manager">Deploying using the Tomcat Manager</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#Deploying using the Client Deployer Package">Deploying using
|
|
the Tomcat Client Deployer</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Introduction"><strong>Introduction</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Deployment is the term used for the process of installing a web
|
|
application (either a 3rd party WAR or your own custom web application)
|
|
into the Tomcat server.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Web application deployment may be accomplished in a number of ways
|
|
within the Tomcat server.
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Statically; the web application is setup before Tomcat is started</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
Dynamically; in conjunction with the Tomcat Manager web application or
|
|
manipulating already deployed web applications
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The Tomcat Manager is a tool that allows URL-based web application
|
|
deployment features. There is also a tool called the Client Deployer,
|
|
which is a command shell based script that interacts with the Tomcat
|
|
Manager but provides additional functionality such as compiling and
|
|
validating web applications as well as packaging web application into
|
|
web application resource (WAR) files.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Installation"><strong>Installation</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
|
|
<p>
|
|
There is no installation required for static deployment of web
|
|
applications as this is provided out of the box by Tomcat. Nor is any
|
|
installation required for deployment functions with the Tomcat Manager,
|
|
although some configuration is required as detailed in the
|
|
Tomcat Manager manual. An installation is however required if you wish
|
|
to use the Tomcat Client Deployer (TCD).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The TCD is not packaged with the Tomcat core
|
|
distribution, and must therefore be downloaded separately from
|
|
the Downloads area. The download is usually labelled
|
|
<i>apache-tomcat-6.0.x-deployer</i>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
TCD has prerequisites of Apache Ant 1.6.2+ and a Java installation.
|
|
Your environment should define an ANT_HOME environment value pointing to
|
|
the root of your Ant installation, and a JAVA_HOME value pointing to
|
|
your Java installation. Additionally, you should ensure Ant's ant
|
|
command, and the Java javac compiler command run from the command shell
|
|
that your operating system provides.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>Download the TCD distribution</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
The TCD package need not be extracted into any existing Tomcat
|
|
installation, it can be extracted to any location.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>Read Using the <a href="#Deploying using the Client Deployer Package">
|
|
Tomcat Client Deployer</a></li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="A word on Contexts"><strong>A word on Contexts</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
|
|
<p>
|
|
In talking about deployment of web applications, the concept of a
|
|
<i>Context</i> is required to be understood. A Context is what Tomcat
|
|
calls a web application.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
In order to configure a Context within Tomcat a <i>Context Descriptor</i>
|
|
is required. A Context Descriptor is simply an XML file that contains
|
|
Tomcat related configuration for a Context, e.g naming resources or
|
|
session manager configuration. In earlier versions of
|
|
Tomcat the content of a Context Descriptor configuration was often stored within
|
|
Tomcat's primary configuration file <i>server.xml</i> but this is now
|
|
discouraged (although it currently still works).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Context Descriptors not only help Tomcat to know how to configure
|
|
Contexts but other tools such as the Tomcat Manager and TDC often use
|
|
these Context Descriptors to perform their roles properly.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The locations for Context Descriptors are;
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>$CATALINA_HOME/conf/[enginename]/[hostname]/context.xml</li>
|
|
<li>$CATALINA_HOME/webapps/[webappname]/META-INF/context.xml</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
Files in (1) are named [webappname].xml but files in (2) are named
|
|
context.xml. If a Context Descriptor is not provided for a Context,
|
|
Tomcat configures the Context using default values.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Deployment on Tomcat startup"><strong>Deployment on Tomcat startup</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
|
|
<p>
|
|
If you are not interested in using the Tomcat Manager, or TCD,
|
|
then you'll need to deploy your web applications
|
|
statically to Tomcat, followed by a Tomcat startup. The location you
|
|
deploy web applications to for this type of deployment is called the
|
|
<code>appBase</code> which is specified per Host. You either copy a
|
|
so-called <i>exploded web application</i>, i.e non-compressed, to this
|
|
location, or a compressed web application resource .WAR file.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The web applications present in the location specified by the Host's
|
|
(default Host is "localhost") <code>appBase</code> attribute (default
|
|
appBase is "$CATALINA_HOME/webapps") will be deployed on Tomcat startup
|
|
only if the Host's <code>deployOnStartup</code> attribute is "true".
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The following deployment sequence will occur on Tomcat startup in that
|
|
case:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>Any Context Descriptors will be deployed first.</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
Exploded web applications not referenced by any Context
|
|
Descriptor will then be deployed. If they have an associated
|
|
.WAR file in the appBase and it is newer than the exploded web application,
|
|
the exploded directory will be removed and the webapp will be
|
|
redeployed from the .WAR
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>.WAR files will be deployed</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Note again that for each deployed web application, a
|
|
Context Descriptor will be created <i>unless one exists already</i>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Deploying on a running Tomcat server"><strong>Deploying on a running Tomcat server</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
|
|
<p>
|
|
It is possible to deploy web applications to a running Tomcat server.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
If the Host <code>autoDeploy</code> attribute is "true", the Host will
|
|
attempt to deploy and update web applications dynamically, as needed,
|
|
for example if a new .WAR is dropped into the <code>appBase</code>.
|
|
For this to work, the Host needs to have background processing
|
|
enabled which is the default configuration.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>autoDeploy</code> set to "true" and a running Tomcat allows for:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Deployment of .WAR files copied into the Host <code>appBase</code>.</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
Deployment of exploded web applications which are
|
|
copied into the Host <code>appBase</code>.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
Re-deployment of a web application which has already been deployed from
|
|
a .WAR when the new .WAR is provided. In this case the exploded
|
|
web application is removed, and the .WAR is expanded again.
|
|
Note that the explosion will not occur if the Host is configured
|
|
so that .WARs are not exploded with a <code>unpackWARs</code>
|
|
attribute set to "false", in which case the web application
|
|
will be simply redeployed as a compressed archive.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
Re-deployment of a web application if the /WEB-INF/web.xml file (or any
|
|
other resource defined as a WatchedResource) is updated.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
Re-deployment of a web application if the Context Descriptor file from which
|
|
the web application has been deployed is updated.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
Re-deployment of a web application if a Context Descriptor file (with a
|
|
filename corresponding to the Context path of the previously deployed
|
|
web application) is added to the
|
|
<code>$CATALINA_HOME/conf/[enginename]/[hostname]/</code>
|
|
directory.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
Undeployment of a web application if its document base (docBase)
|
|
is deleted. Note that on Windows, this assumes that anti-locking
|
|
features (see Context configuration) are enabled, otherwise it is not
|
|
possible to delete the resources of a running web application.
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Note that web application reloading can also be configured in the loader, in which
|
|
case loaded classes will be tracked for changes.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Deploying using the Tomcat Manager"><strong>Deploying using the Tomcat Manager</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The Tomcat Manager is covered in its <a href="manager-howto.html">own manual page</a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Deploying using the Client Deployer Package"><strong>Deploying using the Client Deployer Package</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Finally, deployment of web application may be achieved using the
|
|
Tomcat Client Deployer. This is a package which can be used to
|
|
validate, compile, compress to .WAR, and deploy web applications to
|
|
production or development Tomcat servers. It should be noted that this feature
|
|
uses the Tomcat Manager and as such the target Tomcat server should be
|
|
running.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
It is assumed the user will be familar with Apache Ant for using the TCD.
|
|
Apache Ant is a scripted build tool. The TCD comes pre-packaged with a
|
|
build script to use. Only a modest understanding of Apache Ant is
|
|
required (installation as listed earlier in this page, and familiarity
|
|
with using the operating system command shell and configuring
|
|
environment variables).
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The TCD includes Ant tasks, the Jasper page compiler for JSP compilation
|
|
before deployment, as well as a task which
|
|
validates the web application Context Descriptor. The validator task (class
|
|
<code>org.apache.catalina.ant.ValidatorTask</code>) allows only one parameter:
|
|
the base path of an exploded web application.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The TCD uses an exploded web application as input (see the list of the
|
|
properties used below). A web application that is programatically
|
|
deployed with the deployer may include a Context Desciptor in
|
|
<code>/META-INF/context.xml</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The TCD includes a ready-to-use Ant script, with the following targets:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<code>compile</code> (default): Compile and validate the web
|
|
application. This can be used standalone, and does not need a running
|
|
Tomcat server. The compiled application will only run on the associated
|
|
Tomcat 5.5.x server release, and is not guaranteed to work on another
|
|
Tomcat release, as the code generated by Jasper depends on its runtime
|
|
component. It should also be noted that this target will also compile
|
|
automatically any Java source file located in the
|
|
<code>/WEB-INF/classes</code> folder of the web application.</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<code>deploy</code>: Deploy a web application (compiled or not) to
|
|
a Tomcat server.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><code>undeploy</code>: Undeploy a web application</li>
|
|
<li><code>start</code>: Start web application</li>
|
|
<li><code>reload</code>: Reload web application</li>
|
|
<li><code>stop</code>: Stop web application</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
In order for the deployment to be configured, create a file
|
|
called <code>deployer.properties</code> in the TCD installation
|
|
directory root. In this file, add the following name=value pairs per
|
|
line:
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Additionally, you will need to ensure that a user has been
|
|
setup for the target Tomcat Manager (which TCD uses) otherwise the TCD
|
|
will not authenticate with the Tomcat Manager and the deployment will
|
|
fail. To do this, see the Tomcat Manager page.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<code>build</code>: The build folder used will be, by default,
|
|
<code>${build}/webapp/${path}</code>. After the end of the execution
|
|
of the <code>compile</code> target, the web application .WAR will be
|
|
located at <code>${build}/webapp/${path}.war</code>.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<code>webapp</code>: The directory containing the exploded web application
|
|
which will be compiled and validated. By default, the folder is
|
|
<code>myapp</code>.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<code>path</code>: Deployed context path of the web application,
|
|
by default <code>/myapp</code>.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<code>url</code>: Absolute URL to the Tomcat Manager web application of a
|
|
running Tomcat server, which will be used to deploy and undeploy the
|
|
web application. By default, the deployer will attempt to access
|
|
a Tomcat instance running on localhost, at
|
|
<code>http://localhost:8080/manager</code>.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<code>username</code>: Tomcat Manager username (user should have a role of
|
|
manager)
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><code>password</code>: Tomcat Manager password.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</blockquote></td></tr></table></td></tr><!--FOOTER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr noshade="noshade" size="1"></td></tr><!--PAGE FOOTER--><tr><td colspan="2"><div align="center"><font color="#525D76" size="-1"><em>
|
|
Copyright © 1999-2006, Apache Software Foundation
|
|
</em></font></div></td></tr></table></body></html> |