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<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><title>Apache Tomcat 6.0 - Apache Portable Runtime and Tomcat</title><meta name="author" value="Remy Maucherat"><meta name="email" value=""></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#525D76" alink="#525D76" vlink="#525D76"><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0"><!--PAGE HEADER--><tr><td><!--PROJECT LOGO--><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/"><img src="./images/tomcat.gif" align="right" alt="
The Apache Tomcat Servlet/JSP Container
" border="0"></a></td><td><font face="arial,helvetica,sanserif"><h1>Apache Tomcat 6.0</h1></font></td><td><!--APACHE LOGO--><a href="http://www.apache.org/"><img src="./images/asf-logo.gif" align="right" alt="Apache Logo" border="0"></a></td></tr></table><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="4"><!--HEADER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr noshade="noshade" size="1"></td></tr><tr><!--LEFT SIDE NAVIGATION--><td width="20%" valign="top" nowrap="true"><p><strong>Links</strong></p><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/faq">FAQ</a></li></ul><p><strong>User Guide</strong></p><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">6) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">7) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">8) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">9) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">10) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">11) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">12) SSL</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">13) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">14) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">15) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptor-howto.html">16) MBean Descriptor</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">17) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">18) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">19) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">20) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">21) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">22) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">23) APR</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">24) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">25) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="extras.html">26) Additional Components</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li></ul><p><strong>Reference</strong></p><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul><p><strong>Apache Tomcat Development</strong></p><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="status.html">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="funcspecs/index.html">Functional Specs.</a></li></ul></td><!--RIGHT SIDE MAIN BODY--><td width="80%" valign="top" align="left"><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="4"><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><h1>Apache Tomcat 6.0</h1><h2>Apache Portable Runtime and Tomcat</h2></td><td align="right" valign="top" nowrap="true"><small><a href="printer/apr.html"><img src="./images/printer.gif" border="0" alt="Printer Friendly Version"><br>print-friendly<br>version
</a></small></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Introduction"><strong>Introduction</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
<p>
Tomcat can use the <a href="http://apr.apache.org/">Apache Portable Runtime</a> to
provide superior scalability, performance, and better integration with native server
technologies. The Apache Portable Runtime is a highly portable library that is at
the heart of Apache HTTP Server 2.x. APR has many uses, including access to advanced IO
functionality (such as sendfile, epoll and OpenSSL), OS level functionality (random number
generation, system status, etc), and native process handling (shared memory, NT
pipes and Unix sockets).
</p>
<p>
These features allows making Tomcat a general purpose webserver, will enable much better
integration with other native web technologies, and overall make Java much more viable as
a full fledged webserver platform rather than simply a backend focused technology.
</p>
</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Installation"><strong>Installation</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
<p>
APR support requires three main native components to be installed:
<ul>
<li>APR library</li>
<li>JNI wrappers for APR used by Tomcat (libtcnative)</li>
<li>OpenSSL libraries</li>
</ul>
</p>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Windows"><strong>Windows</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
<p>
Windows binaries are provided for tcnative-1, which is a statically compiled .dll which includes
OpenSSL and APR. It can be downloaded from <a href="http://tomcat.heanet.ie/native/">here</a>
as 32bit or AMD x86-64 binaries.
In security conscious production environments, it is recommended to use separate shared dlls
for OpenSSL, APR, and libtcnative-1, and update them as needed according to security bulletins.
Windows OpenSSL binaries are linked from the <a href="http://www.openssl.org">Official OpenSSL
website</a> (see related/binaries).
</p>
</blockquote></td></tr></table>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Linux"><strong>Linux</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
<p>
Most Linux distributions will ship packages for APR and OpenSSL. The JNI wrapper (libtcnative) will
then have to be compiled. It depends on APR, OpenSSL, and the Java headers.
</p>
<p>
Requirements:
<ul>
<li>APR 1.2+ development headers (libapr1-dev package)</li>
<li>OpenSSL 0.9.7+ development headers (libssl-dev package)</li>
<li>JNI headers from Java compatible JDK 1.4+</li>
<li>GNU development environment (gcc, make)</li>
</ul>
</p>
<p>
The wrapper library sources are located in the Tomcat binary bundle, in the
<code>bin/tomcat-native.tar.gz</code> archive.
Once the build environment is installed and the source archive is extracted, the wrapper library
can be compiled using (from the folder containing the configure script):
<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>./configure &amp;&amp; make &amp;&amp; make install</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
</p>
</blockquote></td></tr></table>
</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="APR Components"><strong>APR Components</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
<p>
Once the libraries are properly installed and available to Java (if loading fails, the library path
will be displayed), the Tomcat connectors will automatically use APR. Configuration of the connectors
is similar to the regular connectors, but have a few extra attributes which are used to configure
APR components. Note that the defaults should be well tuned for most use cases, and additional
tweaking shouldn't be required.
</p>
<p>
When APR is enabled, the following features are also enabled in Tomcat:
<ul>
<li>Secure session ID generation by default on all platforms (platforms other than Linux required
random number generation using a configured entropy)</li>
<li>OS level statistics on memory usage and CPU usage by the Tomcat process are displayed by
the status servlet</li>
</ul>
</p>
</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="APR Lifecycle Listener Configuration"><strong>APR Lifecycle Listener Configuration</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="AprLifecycleListener"><strong>AprLifecycleListener</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
<attribute name="SSLEngine" required="false">
<p>
Name of the SSLEngine to use. off: Do not use SSL, on: Use SSL but no specific ENGINE.
The default value is <b>on</b>.
This initializes the native SSL engine, then enable the use of this engine in the connector
using the <code>SSLEnabled</code> attribute. Example:
<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
&lt;Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" /&gt;
</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
</p>
<p>See the <a href="http://www.openssl.org">Official OpenSSL
website</a> for more details on SSL hardware engines and manufacturers.
</p>
</attribute>
</blockquote></td></tr></table>
</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="APR Connectors Configuration"><strong>APR Connectors Configuration</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="HTTP"><strong>HTTP</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
<p>
When APR is enabled, the HTTP connector will use sendfile for hadling large static files (all such
files will be sent ansychronously using high performance kernel level calls), and will use
a socket poller for keepalive, increasing scalability of the server.
</p>
<p>
The following attributes are supported in the HTTP APR connector in addition to the ones supported
in the regular HTTP connector:
</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="5"><tr><th width="15%" bgcolor="#023264"><font color="#ffffff">Attribute</font></th><th width="85%" bgcolor="#023264"><font color="#ffffff">Description</font></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>keepAliveTimeout</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
<p>The number of milliseconds this <strong>Connector</strong> will wait for
another HTTP request before closing the connection.
The default value is to use the value that has been set for the
connectionTimeout attribute. This value also controls the timeout interval which
is used for Comet connections.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>pollTime</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
<p>Duration of a poll call. Lowering this value will slightly decrease latency of connections
being kept alive in some cases, but will use more CPU as more poll calls are being made. The
default value is 2000 (5ms).</p>
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>pollerSize</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
<p>Amount of sockets that the poller responsible for polling kept alive connections can hold at a
given time. Extra connections will be closed right away. The default value is 8192, corresponding to
8192 keepalive connections.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>useSendfile</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
<p>Use kernel level sendfile for certain static files. The default value is true.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>sendfileSize</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
<p>Amount of sockets that the poller responsible for sending static files asynchronously can hold
at a given time. Extra connections will be closed right away without any data being sent
(resulting in a zero length file on the client side). Note that in most cases, sendfile is a call
that will return right away (being taken care of "synchonously" by the kernel), and the sendfile
poller will not be used, so the amount of static files which can be sent concurrently is much larger
than the specified amount. The default value is 1024.</p>
</td></tr></table>
</blockquote></td></tr></table>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="HTTPS"><strong>HTTPS</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
<p>
When APR is enabled, the HTTPS connector will use a socket poller for keepalive, increasing
scalability of the server. It also uses OpenSSL, which may be more optimized than JSSE depending
on the processor being used, and can be complemented with many commercial accelerator components.
Unlike the HTTP connector, the HTTPS connector cannot use sendfile to optimize static file
processing.
</p>
<p>
The HTTPS APR connector has the same basic attributes than the HTTP APR connector, but adds
OpenSSL specific ones. For the full details on using OpenSSL, please refer to OpenSSL documentations
and the many books available for it (see the <a href="http://www.openssl.org">Official OpenSSL
website</a>). The SSL specific attributes for the connector are:
</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="5"><tr><th width="15%" bgcolor="#023264"><font color="#ffffff">Attribute</font></th><th width="85%" bgcolor="#023264"><font color="#ffffff">Description</font></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>SSLEnabled</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
<p>
Enable SSL on the socket, default value is false. Set this value to true
to enable SSL handshake/encryption/decryption in the APR connector.
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>SSLProtocol</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
<p>
Protocol which may be used for communicating with clients. The default is "all", with
other acceptable values being "SSLv2", "SSLv3", "TLSv1", and "SSLv2+SSLv3".
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>SSLCipherSuite</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
<p>
Ciphers which may be used for communicating with clients. The default is "ALL", with
other acceptable values being a list of ciphers, with ":" used as the delimiter
(see OpenSSL documentation for the list of ciphers supported).
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><strong><code>SSLCertificateFile</code></strong></td><td align="left" valign="center">
<p>
Name of the file that contains the server certificate. The format is PEM-encoded.
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>SSLCertificateKeyFile</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
<p>
Name of the file that contains the server private key. The format is PEM-encoded.
The default value is the value of "SSLCertificateFile" and in this case both certificate
and private key have to be in this file (NOT RECOMMENDED).
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>SSLPassword</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
<p>
Pass phrase for the encrypted private key. If "SSLPassword" is not provided, the callback fonction
should prompt for the pass phrase.
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>SSLVerifyClient</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
<p>
Ask client for certificate. The default is "none", meaning the client will not have the opportunity
to submit a certificate. Other acceptable values include "optional", "require" and "optionalNoCA".
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>SSLVerifyDepth</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
<p>
Maximum verification depth for client certificates. The default is "10".
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>SSLCACertificateFile</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
<p>
See <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_ssl.html#sslcacertificatefile">the mod_ssl documentation</a>.
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>SSLCACertificatePath</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
<p>
See <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_ssl.html#sslcacertificatepath">the mod_ssl documentation</a>.
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>SSLCertificateChainFile</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
<p>
See <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_ssl.html#sslcertificatechainfile">the mod_ssl documentation</a>.
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>SSLCARevocationFile</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
<p>
See <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_ssl.html#sslcarevocationfile">the mod_ssl documentation</a>.
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>SSLCARevocationPath</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
<p>
See <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_ssl.html#sslcarevocationpath">the mod_ssl documentation</a>.
</p>
</td></tr></table>
<p>
An example SSL Connector declaration can be:
<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
&lt;Connector port="443" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192"
maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75"
enableLookups="false" disableUploadTimeout="true"
acceptCount="100" scheme="https" secure="true"
SSLEnabled="true"
SSLCertificateFile="${catalina.base}/conf/localhost.crt"
SSLCertificateKeyFile="${catalina.base}/conf/localhost.key" /&gt;</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
</p>
</blockquote></td></tr></table>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="AJP"><strong>AJP</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
<p>
When APR is enabled, the AJP connector will use a socket poller for keepalive, increasing
scalability of the server. As AJP is designed around a pool of persistent (or almost
persistent) connections, this will reduce significantly the amount of processing threads
needed by Tomcat. Unlike the HTTP connector, the AJP connector cannot use sendfile to optimize
static file processing.
</p>
<p>
The following attributes are supported in the AJP APR connector in addition to the ones supported
in the regular AJP connector:
</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="5"><tr><th width="15%" bgcolor="#023264"><font color="#ffffff">Attribute</font></th><th width="85%" bgcolor="#023264"><font color="#ffffff">Description</font></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>pollTime</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
<p>Duration of a poll call. Lowering this value will slightly decrease latency of connections
being kept alive in some cases, but will use more CPU as more poll calls are being made. The
default value is 2000 (5ms).</p>
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code>pollerSize</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
<p>Amount of sockets that the poller responsible for polling kept alive connections can hold at a
given time. Extra connections will be closed right away. The default value is 8192, corresponding to
8192 keepalive connections.</p>
</td></tr></table>
</blockquote></td></tr></table>
</blockquote></td></tr></table></td></tr><!--FOOTER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr noshade="noshade" size="1"></td></tr><!--PAGE FOOTER--><tr><td colspan="2"><div align="center"><font color="#525D76" size="-1"><em>
Copyright &copy; 1999-2006, Apache Software Foundation
</em></font></div></td></tr></table></body></html>
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